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Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface
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Number Formats, Error Mitigation, and Scope for 16-Bit Arithmetics in Weather and Climate Modeling Analyzed With a

M Klöwer1, P D Düben2, T N Palmer1

  • 1Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford Oxford UK.

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
|December 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Using lower-precision 16-bit arithmetic in weather and climate models can accelerate simulations. With careful implementation and mitigation strategies, 16-bit formats show promise for complex climate modeling.

Keywords:
16‐bit arithmeticReduced precisionclimate modelsfloating‐point numbersposit numbersrounding error

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Area of Science:

  • Computational science
  • Climate modeling
  • Numerical analysis

Background:

  • Traditional weather and climate models rely on high-precision (64-bit or 32-bit) floating-point arithmetic.
  • Modern hardware increasingly supports lower-precision formats, offering potential for faster computations.
  • The feasibility of using reduced precision in complex scientific simulations remains an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the viability of 16-bit arithmetic in weather and climate simulations.
  • To evaluate different 16-bit number formats, including IEEE half precision, BFloat16, posits, integer, and fixed-point.
  • To assess the impact of reduced precision on model accuracy and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a shallow water model using various 16-bit number formats.
  • Analysis of rounding errors and their effect on model dynamics and stability.
  • Application of mitigation techniques such as rescaling, reordering, and mixed precision.

Main Results:

  • Direct application of 16-bit arithmetic leads to unacceptable rounding errors and model instabilities.
  • The posit number format demonstrates reduced degradation compared to standard floating-point numbers.
  • Mitigation methods significantly improve the resilience of simulations to precision reduction.

Conclusions:

  • 16-bit arithmetic is not a direct replacement for higher precision in complex weather and climate models.
  • The posit format and mitigation strategies are crucial for successful implementation of reduced precision.
  • 16-bit formats can be effectively utilized in specific components of climate models where rounding errors are less critical.