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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

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Comparisons of proximal vergence measures.

Nick Fogt1

  • 1The Ohio State University College of Optometry.

Vision Development and Rehabilitation
|December 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study compared methods for calculating proximal vergence, a measure of eye movement. Clinically relevant methods yielded similar results, though individual differences were noted.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology and Vision Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Proximal vergence is a specific type of vergence eye movement triggered by the perception of nearness.
  • Understanding proximal vergence is crucial for diagnosing and managing various binocular vision disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare proximal vergence values calculated with and without considering accommodation.
  • To evaluate the clinical utility of different measurement methods for proximal vergence.

Main Methods:

  • Thirteen participants (ages 22-37) underwent heterophoria measurement using the Modified Thorington technique under varying lens conditions (+0.00D, +1.00D, +2.50D).
  • Proximal vergence was calculated using four methods: stimulus AC/A differencing, response AC/A differencing, uncorrected +2.50D method, and corrected +2.50D method (accounting for accommodation).
Keywords:
Eye movementsproximalvergence

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Main Results:

  • Mean proximal vergence values varied across methods, ranging from 5.13 ± 2.98Δ (corrected +2.50D) to 8.29 ± 3.30Δ (response AC/A differencing).
  • The stimulus AC/A differencing method and the uncorrected +2.50D method showed significant correlation and non-significant differences, suggesting clinical comparability.

Conclusions:

  • Accounting for response accommodation impacts proximal vergence measurements.
  • The stimulus AC/A differencing and uncorrected +2.50D methods, likely for clinical use, produced similar mean values, but individual variations warrant attention.