Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

2.2K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
2.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

46.5K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
46.5K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.6K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
1.6K
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

213.3K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
213.3K
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

25.2K
The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
25.2K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.7K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
1.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Electrode-omics reveals epochs in silicon anode evolution underpinning electrochemomechanical resilience.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Diamond Molecular Balance: Ultra-Wide Range Nanomechanical Mass Spectrometry from MDa to TDa.

Nano letters·2025
Same author

Modularity-based mathematical modeling of ligand inter-nanocluster connectivity for unraveling reversible stem cell regulation.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Solvent-Driven Na Storage in SnS<sub>2</sub> Anodes: Atomistic Simulation-Guided Strategies for Reversible Reactions, Solid Electrolyte Interphase, and Morphological Transformation.

ACS nano·2024
Same author

Quantifying the regime of thermodynamic control for solid-state reactions during ternary metal oxide synthesis.

Science advances·2024
Same author

High-entropy mechanism to boost ionic conductivity.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2022
Same journal

A Droplet-Microarray Platform for Multiplex Profiling of Breast Cancer Exosome Subtypes in Patients' Blood Plasma Samples.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Material-Dependent Functionalization of CVD-Grown TMDC Monolayers Probed by Vibrational Nanospectroscopy.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

BandGap Modulated Charge Gating of Semiconductor Coatings Stabilizes Zinc Metal Anodes.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

For High Capacity: Upcycling of Spent Graphite Catalytic via Precisely Tailoring Water-Gas Reaction.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Electronic Engineering of Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks via Fluorine Substitution for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Correction to: "A Gold Nanocage/Cluster Hybrid Structure for Whole-Body Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography Imaging, EGFR Inhibitor Delivery, and Photothermal Therapy".

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

8.8K

Diffusion Along Dislocations Mitigates Self-Limiting Na Diffusion in Crystalline Sn.

Young-Woon Byeon1,2, Jae-Pyoung Ahn3, Jae-Chul Lee1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-limiting diffusion (SLD) in alloying anodes limits battery performance. Tensile stresses in sodium-Sn anodes alleviate SLD by promoting dislocations, enabling ultrafast charging and full anode material utilization.

Keywords:
diffusion-controlled reactioninterface-controlled reactionpipe diffusionresidual stressself-limiting diffusion

More Related Videos

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

2.5K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 27, 2025

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
12:43

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Published on: November 28, 2016

8.8K
Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

2.5K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Physics

Background:

  • Alloying anodes in batteries face self-limiting diffusion (SLD) due to compressive stresses, hindering ion penetration and limiting performance.
  • SLD reduces battery rate capability and prevents full anode material usage.
  • Tensile residual stresses at the interface can mitigate SLD, improving battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Li-Si and Na-Sn systems to understand how diffusion kinetics influence SLD and battery rate performance.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms behind SLD mitigation in specific anode systems.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative experimental study of lithium-silicon (Li-Si) and sodium-tin (Na-Sn) systems.
  • Analysis of stress evolution and diffusion mechanisms at the anode-electrolyte interface.

Main Results:

  • Sodium diffusion into tin (Sn) crystals induces tensile stresses near the interface.
  • Tensile stresses promote high-density dislocation nucleation, facilitating dislocation pipe diffusion.
  • Dislocations alleviate SLD, enabling ultrafast sodium diffusion rates in crystalline Sn anodes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding diffusion kinetics and stress evolution is crucial for mitigating SLD in alloying anodes.
  • Crystalline Sn is a promising anode material for fast-charging batteries due to alleviated SLD.
  • This study provides guidelines for selecting anode materials with enhanced rate performance and energy capacity.