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Construction of a Preclinical Multimodality Phantom Using Tissue-mimicking Materials for Quality Assurance in Tumor Size Measurement

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Optimization of a calibration phantom for quantitative radiography.

Cristobal Martinez^1,2, Claudia de Molina¹, Manuel Desco^1,2,3,4

¹Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Medical Physics

|December 7, 2020

Summary

A new, automatic calibration method for dual energy radiography (DER) simplifies tissue imaging. This technique accurately separates bone and soft tissue, improving spine visualization and nodule detection without expert calibration.

Keywords:

calibration dual energy quantitative radiography x-ray

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging Physics
Radiographic Technology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Dual energy radiography (DER) enables separate imaging of soft-tissue and bony structures.
Current DER methods rely on manual tuning or calibration-based decomposition.
Optimizing the calibration process is crucial for accurate DER.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the optimal method for calibrating dual energy radiography.
To develop an automatic calibration protocol for improved DER.
To assess the impact of phantom materials and size on calibration accuracy.

Main Methods:

Simulations were used to optimize the calibration protocol for DER.
Various soft-tissue (water, PMMA, A-150) and bone-equivalent (Teflon, B-100, aluminum) materials were evaluated.
Four optimized calibration designs were tested on a realistic thorax phantom using the NOVA FA X-ray system.

Main Results:

A simple, inexpensive calibration phantom with relaxed placement requirements yielded accurate results.
The method achieved appropriate separation of the spine for densitometry.
Nodules as small as 6 mm were identified, addressing a known limitation in radiography.

Conclusions:

The proposed DER calibration method is fully automatic, eliminating the need for specialized technician expertise.
This technique provides quantitative mass thickness values, enabling precise planar studies.
The method moves beyond relative comparisons to offer absolute quantitative measurements in radiography.