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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Measuring Circadian Rhythms in Human Cells.

Ngoc-Hien Du1, Steven A Brown2

  • 1Chronobiology and Sleep Research Group, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Ngoc-Hien.Du@pharma.uzh.ch.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|December 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human fibroblasts from skin biopsies offer a scalable model for studying biological clocks. These cells retain subject-specific circadian rhythms, providing valuable insights for research bridging animal models and human studies.

Keywords:
Circadian rhythm measurementHuman primary skin fibroblastsHuman skin punch biopsyStable cell line generation

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Biomedical research

Background:

  • Primary human fibroblasts are valuable research models, bridging animal studies and human clinical research.
  • These cells possess molecular circadian clocks reflecting individual physiology.
  • Cellular rhythms are measurable at scale, offering research potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a detailed protocol for measuring circadian rhythms in human fibroblasts.
  • To enable large-scale analysis of cellular circadian clocks.
  • To facilitate research utilizing subject-specific circadian data.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of primary fibroblasts from skin punch biopsies.
  • Generation of stable cell lines expressing circadian reporters.
  • Large-scale measurement of cellular circadian rhythms.

Main Results:

  • Established protocols for fibroblast derivation and reporter cell line generation.
  • Demonstrated feasibility of large-scale circadian rhythm measurement in human cells.
  • Highlighted the retention of subject-specific circadian physiology in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • Human fibroblasts are a robust and accessible model for studying circadian rhythms.
  • The described protocols support scalable investigation of individual circadian variations.
  • This approach enhances the study of circadian physiology in human health and disease.