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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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The Nucleosome Core Particle01:12

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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Histone isoforms and the oncohistone code.

Andrew Flaus1, Jessica A Downs2, Tom Owen-Hughes3

  • 1Centre for Chromosome Biology, Biochemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|December 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone mutations can drive cancer, forming oncohistones. This review explores if variations in histone genes affect their cancer-driving roles and mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Recent research identifies missense mutations in histones as oncogenic drivers, termed 'oncohistones'.
  • Histone proteins, though conserved, are encoded by diverse multigene families with sequence, amino acid, and expression level variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether all histone-encoding genes function equally as oncohistones.
  • To explore the mechanistic implications of histone gene heterogeneity in oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research on oncohistones and histone gene families.
  • Analysis of literature concerning histone gene variation and its functional consequences in cancer.

Main Results:

  • Histone gene heterogeneity suggests differential contributions to oncogenesis.
  • Variations in histone isoforms and expression levels may influence oncohistone activity and chromatin effects.

Conclusions:

  • Not all histone-encoding genes may function identically as oncohistones due to inherent genetic diversity.
  • Understanding histone gene heterogeneity is crucial for elucidating oncohistone mechanisms in cancer development.