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Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate

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The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
The collision theory is based on the postulates that (i) the reaction rate is proportional to the rate of reactant collisions, (ii) the reacting species collide in an orientation allowing contact between...
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The Arrhenius equation,
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Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
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Consistent with the law of mass action, an equilibrium stressed by a change in concentration will shift to re-establish equilibrium without any change in the value of the equilibrium constant, K. When an equilibrium shifts in response to a temperature change, however, it is re-established with a different relative composition that exhibits a different value for the equilibrium constant.
To understand this phenomenon, consider the elementary reaction:
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Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

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The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
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Chemical Reaction Networks Possess Intrinsic, Temperature-Dependent Functionality.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Systems Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Temperature significantly impacts organismal fitness and adaptation.
  • Climate change necessitates understanding crop responses to thermal fluctuations.
  • Current acclimation research often overlooks thermodynamic effects and compensated responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate temperature-dependent functional features in biological networks using a systems biology approach.
  • To explore how network structure and activation energies influence these features.
  • To differentiate thermodynamic influences from genetic regulation in biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Applied a systems biology approach to analyze biological network motifs.
  • Modeled temperature-dependent functional features, including flux reversals and thermo-selectivity.
  • Compared system responses to temperature changes versus enzyme activity alterations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated temperature-dependent functional features in simple network motifs.
  • Observed flux reversal in linear pathways and thermo-selective flux modes in branched pathways.
  • Showcased increased carbohydrate flux in a minimal Calvin cycle model, illustrating temperature compensation.

Conclusions:

  • Thermodynamic effects, arising from network structure and reaction kinetics, significantly influence biological functions.
  • Simple network motifs can exhibit complex temperature-dependent behaviors.
  • This work expands thermodynamic modeling by incorporating biophysical properties and revealing compensated effects.