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Maximum Power Transfer

Maximum Power Transfer

Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.

Transmission Line Design Considerations

Transmission Line Design Considerations

Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...

Effective Value of a Periodic Waveform

Effective Value of a Periodic Waveform

The concept of effective value, the root mean square (RMS) value, is crucial in understanding electrical circuits and power delivery. This idea emerges from the necessity to measure the effectiveness of a voltage or current source in supplying power to a resistive load.
The effective value of a periodic current represents the direct current (DC) that conveys the same average power to a resistor as the periodic current itself. This concept is crucial when assessing AC circuits. To determine the...

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Consider a linear AC Thevenin equivalent circuit connected to a load impedance.
The load connected draws the current, and the circuit delivers the power to the load. The alternating current flowing through the load is determined using the rectangular form of voltages, currents, network impedance, and load impedance. The average power delivered to the load is obtained from the product of the square of current and load resistance.

Design Example

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...

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Design and Characterization Methodology for Efficient Wide Range Tunable MEMS Filters

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Published on: February 4, 2018

An Adaptive Multi-Target Jamming Waveform Design Based on Power Minimization.

Jing Gao¹, Rihan Wu², Jinde Zhang²

¹School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 8, 2020

Summary

This study introduces power minimization for smart jamming waveforms to degrade radar performance efficiently. Optimized jamming spectra reduce power consumption while meeting signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio requirements.

Keywords:

double-robust ground jammer single-robust smart jammer

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Area of Science:

Electronic Warfare
Signal Processing
Radar Systems

Background:

Smart jammers are increasingly critical in complex electronic warfare environments.
Degrading radar performance requires sophisticated jamming waveform design.
Existing methods may not adequately address power efficiency or varying jammer scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a power minimization-based jamming waveform design for multiple targets.
To investigate robust methods for jamming waveform design considering practical radar uncertainties.
To provide guidance for ground jammer waveform design.

Main Methods:

An optimization model was established to minimize jamming spectrum power consumption.
Jamming spectra were constrained by signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) or mutual information (MI) requirements.
Single-robust and double-robust jamming waveform design methods were proposed and studied.

Main Results:

Power minimization-based single-robust jamming spectra maximize power-saving in local worst-case scenarios.
Double-robust jamming spectra minimize power consumption in global worst-case scenarios.
Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Conclusions:

Power minimization is an effective strategy for smart jammer waveform design.
Single-robust and double-robust methods offer distinct advantages for different operational needs.
The study provides valuable insights for the practical design of ground-based jammers.