Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.2K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.2K
Second Law of Thermodynamics02:49

Second Law of Thermodynamics

26.0K
In the quest to identify a property that may reliably predict the spontaneity of a process, a promising candidate has been identified: entropy. Processes that involve an increase in entropy of the system (ΔS > 0) are very often spontaneous; however, examples to the contrary are plentiful. By expanding consideration of entropy changes to include the surroundings, a significant conclusion regarding the relation between this property and spontaneity may be reached. In thermodynamic models, the...
26.0K
Second Law of Thermodynamics00:53

Second Law of Thermodynamics

66.4K
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that entropy, or the amount of disorder in a system, increases each time energy is transferred or transformed. Each energy transfer results in a certain amount of energy that is lost—usually in the form of heat—that increases the disorder of the surroundings. This can also be demonstrated in a classic food web. Herbivores harvest chemical energy from plants and release heat and carbon dioxide into the environment. Carnivores harvest the...
66.4K
Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

1.3K
Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
1.3K
Thermodynamic Systems01:06

Thermodynamic Systems

6.5K
A thermodynamic system is a set of objects whose thermodynamic properties are of interest. The system is considered to be embedded in its surroundings or the environment. The system and its environment can exchange heat and do work on each other through a boundary that separates them. However, the immediate surroundings of the system interact with it directly and therefore have a much stronger influence on its behavior and properties.
Consider an example of  tea boiling in a kettle. The...
6.5K
Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

20.9K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
20.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Scaling laws and paradoxical metastable states in nanofilament entropic separation.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

A Pedagogical Reinforcement of the Ideal (Hard Sphere) Gas Using a Lattice Model: From Quantized Volume to Mechanical Equilibrium.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Surface Excess Energy as a Unifying Thermodynamic Framework for Active Diffusion.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2026
Same author

Entropy Production in a System of Janus Particles.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Nanoscale nonlocal thermal transport and thermal field emission in high-current resonant tunnel structures.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Lattice Models in Molecular Thermodynamics: Merging the Configurational and Translational Entropies.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2024
Same journal

Research on a Regional Availability Evaluation Model for Road-Area High-Entropy Energy Based on Synergy Factors.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Modeling and Performance Analysis of a CO-ZP-OFDM Coherent Optical Communication System for UAV Air-to-Ground Scenarios.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Information Geometry and Asymptotic Theory for SMML Estimators.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correlation Entropy and Power-Law Kinetics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Research on the Contagion of Systemic Financial Risk Under the Impact of Climate Risks-From the Perspective of Complex Networks and Machine Learning.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

The Statistical-Mechanical Meaning of the Wave Function of Quantum Mechanics.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 27, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.8K

Strong Coupling and Nonextensive Thermodynamics.

Rodrigo de Miguel1, J Miguel Rubí2,3

  • 1Department of Teacher Education, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce a Hamiltonian approach for nonextensive thermodynamics in small systems. This method simplifies analyzing thermodynamic properties of systems strongly coupled to their environment without needing a dividing surface.

Keywords:
interfacial propertiesnonextensive thermodynamicstemperature-dependent energy levelsthermodynamics at strong couplingthermodynamics of small systems

More Related Videos

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

8.8K
Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 27, 2025

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

8.8K
Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids
08:04

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

8.8K
Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Quantum Systems

Background:

  • Nonextensive thermodynamics describes systems with long-range interactions or memory effects.
  • Small systems pose challenges for traditional thermodynamic approaches due to surface effects.
  • Understanding nanoscale systems requires new theoretical frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a Hamiltonian-based framework for nonextensive thermodynamics of small systems.
  • To provide accessible methods for calculating thermodynamic properties of strongly coupled systems.
  • To offer an alternative to the classical dividing surface concept.

Main Methods:

  • A Hamiltonian-based approach is proposed.
  • Focuses on the effective interaction region rather than a dividing surface.
  • Analyzes the exchange of extensive quantities between system and surroundings.

Main Results:

  • The effective Hamiltonian approach simplifies the study of thermodynamic properties.
  • It effectively handles systems strongly coupled to their environment.
  • The method naturally produces laws recently observed at the nanoscale.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed Hamiltonian approach offers a powerful tool for nonextensive thermodynamics of small systems.
  • It provides a more intuitive and accessible way to study system-environment interactions.
  • This framework is particularly relevant for nanoscale phenomena.