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Breaking Trivium Stream Cipher Implemented in ASIC Using Experimental Attacks and DFA.

Francisco Eugenio Potestad-Ordóñez1, Manuel Valencia-Barrero1, Carmen Baena-Oliva1

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Summary

This study details a successful attack on the Trivium stream cipher, a lightweight cryptographic system for IoT devices. By combining clock manipulation with Differential Fault Analysis, researchers recovered secret keys from ASIC implementations with 100% success.

Keywords:
ASIC implementationDFAIoTTriviumexperimental attackfault attackkey recoverystream cipher

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Area of Science:

  • Cryptography
  • Computer Engineering
  • Information Security

Background:

  • Lightweight cryptographic ciphers are essential for Internet of Things (IoT) security.
  • Trivium is a stream cipher designed for resource-constrained environments.
  • Attacking cryptographic implementations is crucial for identifying vulnerabilities and improving security.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a method for attacking Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) implementations of the Trivium stream cipher.
  • To recover secret keys from Trivium using a novel attack technique.
  • To validate the attack's effectiveness on real hardware.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an attack setup combining clock manipulation and Differential Fault Analysis (DFA).
  • Injected transient faults into the Trivium cipher during operation.
  • Utilized DFA to analyze correct and faulty outputs to recover the internal state.
  • Designed a backward version of Trivium to derive secret keys from the recovered internal state.

Main Results:

  • Successfully recovered secret keys from ASIC implementations of Trivium.
  • Achieved 100% key recovery rate in experimental attacks under realistic conditions.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of the combined clock manipulation and DFA attack.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed attack method is highly effective for breaking Trivium implementations on ASICs.
  • This research highlights security weaknesses in lightweight ciphers and informs future cryptographic designs.
  • The findings have significant implications for securing IoT devices and sensitive information exchange.