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Cancer of unknown primary
Michael S Lee1, Hanna K Sanoff2
1Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
|December 8, 2020
Summary
Cancers of unknown primary (CUPs) are aggressive metastatic cancers. Molecular tests may help identify the primary tumor site, guiding personalized treatment for better outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genomics
- Cancer Diagnostics
Background:
- Cancers of unknown primary (CUPs) represent 2-5% of global cancer diagnoses.
- CUPs are characterized by early, aggressive metastasis and an unidentifiable primary tumor site via standard methods.
- Current evaluation involves histopathology to identify treatable subtypes or guide empiric chemotherapy for unfavorable ones.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the rationale and evidence for and against using molecular tissue of origin tests in CUP assessment.
- To explore the potential of next-generation sequencing for personalized therapy in advanced cancers.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on molecular tissue of origin tests for CUPs.
- Analysis of the role of next-generation sequencing in identifying actionable genomic aberrations.
Main Results:
- Evidence for and against molecular tests in CUP assessment is discussed.
- Next-generation sequencing shows promise in identifying targetable genomic alterations.
- Personalized therapy approaches are emerging for advanced cancers.
Conclusions:
- Molecular tests offer potential for improved CUP diagnosis and treatment stratification.
- Genomic profiling via next-generation sequencing may enable tailored therapeutic strategies for CUP patients.
- Further research is needed to fully integrate these advanced diagnostic tools into clinical practice.
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