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Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease.

B D Kirby¹, A A Harris

¹Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.

Seminars in Respiratory Infections

|December 1, 1987

Summary

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Legionella bacteria are a significant cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia, typically spread through contaminated water aerosols. Effective prevention and control strategies are crucial for managing these nosocomial pathogens.

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Infectious Diseases
Hospital Epidemiology

Background:

Legionellaceae, particularly Legionella pneumophila, are significant nosocomial pathogens.
Legionnaires' disease typically presents as bronchopneumonia, mimicking other hospital-acquired pneumonias.
Surgical wound infections are rare but possible manifestations of Legionella infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the emergence of Legionellaceae as nosocomial pathogens.
To discuss the transmission routes and sources of Legionella in healthcare settings.
To outline prevention, control, and diagnostic strategies for Legionella infections.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical presentations and epidemiological data related to Legionella infections.

Related Experiment Videos

Identification of environmental sources and transmission pathways in hospitals.

Discussion of water system maintenance and disinfection protocols.

Emphasis on diagnostic techniques and antimicrobial therapy.

Main Results:

Pneumonia is acquired via inhalation of aerosols from contaminated water sources (e.g., potable water, cooling towers).
Legionella can colonize hospital water systems, posing a risk to patients.
No evidence of person-to-person transmission has been observed.

Conclusions:

Water temperature control and maintenance are key to preventing Legionella colonization.
Aggressive suppression/eradication programs (chlorination, heat/flush) are necessary if outbreaks occur.
Surveillance in high-risk groups and familiarity with diagnostics are essential for early detection and effective treatment.