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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Investigating Causal Brain-behavioral Relationships and their Time Course

Published on: July 18, 2014

The Relationship Between Stimulation Current and Functional Site Localization During Brain Mapping.

Rachel H Muster¹, Jacob S Young², Peter Y M Woo²

¹School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

|December 8, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Stimulation-induced seizures during glioma surgery are rare but more common in the frontal lobe. Higher electrical stimulation current does not identify more functional brain sites during surgery.

Keywords:

Brain mapping Electrocortical stimulation Electrocorticography Glioblastoma Glioma Seizure

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Last Updated: Nov 26, 2025

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Stimulation Location Determination using a 3D Digitizer with High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Stimulation Location Determination using a 3D Digitizer with High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Published on: December 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Neurosurgery
Neuro-oncology
Brain Mapping

Background:

Gliomas often require electrocortical stimulation (ECS) mapping to identify functional brain areas during resection.
Stimulation-induced seizures (SIS) are the primary cause for aborting glioma resection procedures.
Oncological factors influencing cortical stimulation thresholds are not well-studied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate oncological factors affecting stimulation thresholds during ECS mapping for gliomas.
To determine if stimulation current correlates linearly with the number of identified functional cortical sites.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of prospectively collected brain mapping data from patients with dominant hemisphere gliomas.
Statistical analysis including t-tests, ANOVAs, multivariate regressions, and Poisson models.
Comparison of stimulation thresholds based on oncological factors and tumor characteristics.

Main Results:

Stimulation-induced seizures occurred in 3.92% of cases, with higher rates in the frontal lobe (8.5%).
Lower stimulation current was observed when mapping the frontal cortex.
Tumor volume in the frontal lobe was associated with stimulation current, but WHO grade, IDH mutation, histology, or edema volume were not.

Conclusions:

Stimulation-induced seizures are infrequent but significant complications during ECS mapping, particularly in the frontal lobe.
Increased stimulation current does not correlate with identifying a greater number of functional cortical sites during glioma surgery.