Modulation of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway by Humulus japonicus Extract Protects Against Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury...

Alcohol induces liver injury related to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Humulus japonicus extract (HJE) against alcohol-induced liver injury. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms of the protective effect of HJE on alcohol-induced liver injury. The pretreatment of HJE decreased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in the plasma, suppressed the malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase. The inhibitory effect of HJE against oxidative stress may be associated with the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its target gene heme oxygenase-1. Moreover, HJE inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta) by downregulating toll-like receptor 4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, and nuclear factor kappa B p65. These findings provide evidence for the elucidation of the hepatoprotective mechanisms for HJE.