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Related Concept Videos

Preparation of Acid Anhydrides01:07

Preparation of Acid Anhydrides

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One of the methods for preparing symmetrical or unsymmetrical acid anhydrides involves the treatment of acid chlorides with the sodium salt of carboxylic acids. The reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic acyl substitution.
The carboxylate ion acts as a nucleophile that attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the re-formation of the carbonyl group with the loss of the chloride ion as a leaving group leads to the formation of an acid...
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Reactions of Acid Anhydrides01:19

Reactions of Acid Anhydrides

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The reactions of acid anhydrides are analogous to the reactions of acid chlorides and proceed via a nucleophilic acyl substitution. They only differ in the identity of the leaving group. During an acid chloride reaction, the leaving group is a chloride ion, and the by-product is hydrochloric acid. However, in an acid anhydride reaction, the leaving group is a carboxylate ion, and the by-product is a carboxylic acid.
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Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

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The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
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Radical Autoxidation

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Assessment of Radial Pulse
The radial pulse, located at the wrist, is often the preferred site for assessing peripheral pulse because of its accessibility and dependability. The process of determining the radial pulse involves several steps:
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In Situ Isolation and Culturing of Recalcitrant Soil Bacteria using an Isolation Chip (iChip)
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Aniruddh Patel.

Aniruddh Patel1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|December 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This interview explores Aniruddh Patel's research on the cognitive and neural basis of music. It delves into the evolutionary aspects of music cognition and its impact on human behavior.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Psychology
  • Musicology

Background:

  • Aniruddh Patel's research at Tufts University investigates the cognitive, neural, and evolutionary foundations of music.
  • The interview focuses on understanding how the human brain processes music and its evolutionary significance.

Discussion:

  • Exploring the relationship between music, language, and cognition.
  • Examining the neural mechanisms underlying musicality and its evolutionary origins.
  • Discussing the role of music in human social bonding and cultural development.

Key Insights:

  • Music cognition is rooted in fundamental cognitive abilities that evolved for other purposes.
  • Evolutionary pressures have shaped our capacity for music, influencing its structure and perception.

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  • Understanding music's evolutionary past offers insights into its present-day functions.

    • Outlook:

    • Future research directions in music neuroscience and evolutionary musicology.
    • Potential applications of music cognition research in education and therapy.
    • The ongoing quest to unravel the deep evolutionary history of music.