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Gynecologic cancers and non-coding RNAs: Epigenetic regulators with emerging roles
Zahra Sadat Razavi1, Vida Tajiknia2, Shahab Majidi3
1School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|December 8, 2020
Summary
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial in gynecologic cancers, acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Research into their roles may lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these cancers.
Area of Science:
- Gynecology
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Gynecologic cancers affect female reproductive organs and their incidence is influenced by lifestyle, environmental factors, genetics, and geography.
- Historically, cancer molecular biology research focused on protein-coding genes, overlooking the regulatory roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
- Emerging evidence highlights the significance of various ncRNAs, including long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs), microRNAs, circular RNAs, and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), in cellular function within gynecologic cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in gynecologic cancers.
- To highlight the dual functions of ncRNAs as either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive in gynecologic malignancies.
- To discuss the potential of ncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in gynecologic cancer.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating non-coding RNAs in gynecologic cancers.
- Analysis of research on the molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs in cancer development and progression.
- Summary of current clinical trials evaluating ncRNAs for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Main Results:
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play significant regulatory roles in the molecular biology of gynecologic cancers.
- ncRNAs can function as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors, indicating complex roles in cancer.
- Several ncRNAs have demonstrated potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and as targets for novel cancer therapies.
Conclusions:
- Non-coding RNAs represent a critical area of research in gynecologic oncology.
- The dual roles of ncRNAs offer opportunities for targeted therapeutic interventions.
- Further investigation into ncRNAs may revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic cancers.
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