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COVID-19: neonatal-perinatal perspectives.

Alejandra Barrero-Castillero1,2, Kristyn S Beam1,2, Laura B Bernardini2

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Perinatal transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
  • Maternal-newborn health and infectious diseases.

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, severely impacted adults, including pregnant women.
  • Neonatal infections were rare, but understanding pathogenesis and transmission evolved.
  • Guidelines for maternal-neonatal care changed due to incomplete knowledge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of COVID-19 from a neonatal-perinatal perspective.
  • To review basic science, care recommendations, and psychosocial aspects.
  • To address ethical and racial/ethnic disparities in maternal-newborn care during the pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current knowledge on COVID-19 in pregnancy and neonates.
  • Analysis of evolving clinical guidelines and transmission data.
  • Examination of psychosocial, ethical, and racial/ethnic considerations.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal infection with SARS-CoV-2 is uncommon.
  • The risk of perinatal/postnatal transmission is low with appropriate precautions.
  • The pandemic highlighted significant psychosocial and racial/ethnic disparities in care.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal-to-neonatal SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk is minimal with recommended precautions.
  • Addressing psychosocial implications and health disparities is crucial for maternal-newborn care.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is needed for comprehensive care during infectious disease pandemics.