Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 26, 2025
08:42
Cox-Maze IV Procedure Concomitant with Valvular Surgery In Situs Inversus Dextrocardia: A Single-Center Experience in China
Published on: February 11, 2022
3.9K
Chylothorax Associated with Congenital Complete Atrioventricular Block
Shuhei Fujino1, Hidehiko Maruyama1, Keiko Tsukamoto1
1Division of Neonatology, Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
AJP Reports
|December 9, 2020
Summary
Congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB) in infants can lead to congenital chylothorax. This rare condition, potentially caused by maternal autoantibodies and bradycardia, requires careful consideration of chylothorax in atypical pleural effusions.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Cardiology
- Pediatric Immunology
- Thoracic Surgery
Background:
- Congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB) is a rare cardiac anomaly.
- Congenital chylothorax is a significant cause of neonatal respiratory distress.
- The co-occurrence of CCAVB and congenital chylothorax is exceptionally rare.
Observation:
- A male neonate presented with fetal bradycardia and right pleural effusion.
- Maternal serum revealed high levels of anti-Sjögren's-syndrome-related antigen A autoantibodies.
- Postnatal diagnosis confirmed CCAVB requiring temporary pacing and congenital chylothorax.
Findings:
- Pleural effusion, characterized by lymphocytosis and high triglycerides, indicated chylothorax.
- Treatment with prednisolone, octreotide, and total parenteral nutrition resolved the pleural effusion.
- The infant's cardiac output improved with temporary external pacing.
Implications:
- Maternal autoantibodies and bradycardia-induced venous congestion may link CCAVB and congenital chylothorax.
- Congenital chylothorax should be suspected in neonates with CCAVB and atypical pleural effusions.
- Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes in these complex cases.
Related Concept Videos
01:18Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias
328
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
328
01:22Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction
171
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
171
01:23Cystic Fibrosis: Pathogenesis
570
Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal recessive disorder, significantly affects the function of exocrine glands. This genetically inherited disease is characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus, which can severely affect various organs and systems in the body.
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
CF is primarily caused by a genetic mutation in a chromosome 7 gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. The most common gene mutation leading to CF is the ΔF508 mutation,...
570
01:27Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction
172
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
172
01:26Pneumothorax-I
798
A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
798
01:19Veins of Thorax
1.6K
The azygos system is a crucial part of the body's circulatory system and drains most of the thorax. It comprises the azygos, hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos veins.
The azygos vein, positioned just right of the midline and anterior to the vertebral column, begins at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, terminating in the superior vena cava. This vein drains blood from the right side of the thoracic wall, thoracic viscera, and posterior abdominal wall.
The...
The azygos vein, positioned just right of the midline and anterior to the vertebral column, begins at the junction of the right ascending lumbar and subcostal veins, terminating in the superior vena cava. This vein drains blood from the right side of the thoracic wall, thoracic viscera, and posterior abdominal wall.
The...
1.6K