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Spanish Validation for Olfactory Function Testing Using the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test: Threshold,

María Luisa Delgado-Losada1, Alice Helena Delgado-Lima1, Jaime Bouhaben1

  • 1Experimental Psychology, Cognitive Processes and Speech Therapy Department, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Campus de Somosaguas, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain.

Brain Sciences
|December 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test effectively assesses olfactory function in Spanish adults. Olfactory performance declines with age, but is consistent across genders and smoking status.

Keywords:
Sniffin’ Stickscultural adaptationolfactionolfactory discriminationolfactory identificationolfactory thresholdsmellvalidation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Olfactory function assessment is crucial for detecting cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases, as olfactory alterations can serve as early biomarkers.
  • The Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test provides an objective measure of olfactory performance, validated internationally.
  • Cultural adaptation and validation are necessary for applying standardized tests to diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test for use in a Spanish population.
  • To establish normative data for olfactory function in healthy Spanish adults.
  • To investigate the influence of age, gender, and smoking status on olfactory performance.

Main Methods:

  • A normative sample of 209 healthy Spanish volunteers (ages 20-79) underwent the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test.
  • Test-retest reliability was assessed in 22 participants.
  • Odor familiarity was evaluated in an independent sample (n=69), with cultural modifications applied.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in olfactory performance were observed between genders or between smokers and non-smokers.
  • Significant age-related differences were found, with olfactory function progressively decreasing in older age groups (+60 years).
  • The test demonstrated reliability and cultural appropriateness for the Spanish sample.

Conclusions:

  • The Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test, with cultural adaptations, is a valid tool for assessing olfactory function in the Spanish population.
  • Normative data indicate a decline in olfactory function with increasing age.
  • This validated test can aid in the early detection of olfactory dysfunction potentially linked to cognitive decline in Spain.