Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-like neutrophils induced by pulmonary infection with <i>Coccidioides posadasii</i> exacerbate disease by suppressing CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell immunity.

mBio·2026

Same author

Comprehensive phenotypic and clonality analysis of intraepithelial lymphocytes of intestinal T-cell lymphoma and chronic enteropathy in dogs.

Veterinary pathology·2026

Same author

Immune-Based Prevention and Therapy Against Coccidioidomycosis: Current and Emerging Approaches.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Generation and Evaluation of a Multi-Epitope Vaccine Against <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, a Nosocomial Bacterial Pathogen.

Vaccines·2026

Same author

Two types of axonal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors mediate formation of saliva cocktail in the tick Ixodes ricinus.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Drug Discovery and Repurposing for <i>Coccidioides</i>: A Systematic Review.

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same journal

The Association Between Diabetes and the Outcome of COVID-19 Infection in Bethlehem, Palestine: A Case-Control Study.

Journal of pathogens·2025

Same journal

Fermented Polyherbal Formulation Restored Ricinoleic Acid-Induced Diarrhea in Sprague Dawley Rats and Exhibited <i>In Vitro</i> Antibacterial Effect on Multiple Antibiotic-Resistant Gastrointestinal Pathogens.

Journal of pathogens·2024

Same journal

Establishment of a <i>STING</i>-Deficient HepG2 Cell Line through CRISPR/Cas9 System and Evaluation of Its Effects on <i>Salmonella</i> Replication.

Journal of pathogens·2024

Same journal

Fermented Polyherbal Formulation Ameliorates the Severity of Acute Multiple Antibiotics-Resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>-Infected Burn Wound in a Rat Burn Model.

Journal of pathogens·2024

Same journal

Detection of Biofilm Production and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern among Clinically Isolated <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.

Journal of pathogens·2024

Same journal

Seroprevalence of Human Brucellosis among Syrian Refugees in Jordan, 2022.

Journal of pathogens·2023

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

SARS-CoV-2, Early Entry Events.

James P Chambers¹, Jieh Yu¹, James J Valdes^1,2

¹South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Journal of Pathogens

|December 10, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through a complex process involving spike protein attachment to ACE2 receptors and proteolytic cleavage. This cleavage, dependent on furin and TMPRSS2 proteases, is crucial for viral membrane fusion and infection.

More Related Videos

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

Area of Science:

Virology
Molecular Biology
Cellular Biology

Background:

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, with host cell entry being the initial stage of their life cycle.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) utilizes its spike (S) protein to bind to host cell angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, initiating infection.
This entry involves complex steps: attachment, S protein proteolytic processing at S1/S2 and S2' sites, and membrane fusion.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the intricate mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry.
To identify the specific proteases involved in the proteolytic processing of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
To understand the role of ACE2 receptor cleavage in viral infectivity and host cell function.

Main Methods:

Analysis of viral life cycle and host cell interactions.
Investigation of spike protein structure and function, including receptor-binding motif (RBM) interactions.
Identification of protease involvement through various cell-based studies (specific proteases not detailed in abstract).

Main Results:

SARS-CoV-2 entry requires S protein attachment to ACE2, proteolytic cleavage, and membrane fusion.
Spike protein cleavage occurs at S1/S2 and S2' sites, generating fusion-competent elements.
Proteolytic cleavage appears to be dependent on the concerted action of furin and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2).
ACE2 receptor cleavage adds complexity and may affect its cardiovascular and immune functions.

Conclusions:

The SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanism is a multi-step process involving specific protein interactions and enzymatic processing.
Furin and TMPRSS2 are key proteases facilitating SARS-CoV-2 spike protein cleavage, essential for viral entry.
Alterations in ACE2 receptor function due to cleavage may have broader implications for host health, particularly in cardiovascular and immune systems.