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Small interfering RNA for cancer treatment: overcoming hurdles in delivery
Nitin Bharat Charbe1,2, Nikhil D Amnerkar3, B Ramesh2
1Departamento de Quimica Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B
|December 11, 2020
Abstract:
In many ways, cancer cells are different from healthy cells. A lot of tactical nano-based drug delivery systems are based on the difference between cancer and healthy cells. Currently, nanotechnology-based delivery systems are the most promising tool to deliver DNA-based products to cancer cells. This review aims to highlight the latest development in the lipids and polymeric nanocarrier for siRNA delivery to the cancer cells. It also provides the necessary information about siRNA development and its mechanism of action. Overall, this review gives us a clear picture of lipid and polymer-based drug delivery systems, which in the future could form the base to translate the basic siRNA biology into siRNA-based cancer therapies.
Insights
This review explores lipid and polymeric nanocarriers for delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) to cancer cells. These nanotechnology-based systems offer a promising approach for targeted cancer therapy development.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Oncology
Background:
- Cancer cells exhibit distinct characteristics compared to healthy cells, offering targets for therapeutic strategies.
- Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are emerging as a powerful tool for precise treatment delivery.
- Small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds potential for targeted gene silencing in cancer therapy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the latest advancements in lipid and polymeric nanocarriers for siRNA delivery to cancer cells.
- To provide essential information on siRNA development and its mechanism of action.
- To elucidate the potential of these nanocarrier systems in translating siRNA biology into clinical cancer therapies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on nanocarrier systems for siRNA delivery.
- Analysis of lipid and polymeric nanocarrier designs and their efficacy.
- Examination of siRNA mechanisms and their application in cancer treatment.
Main Results:
- Lipid and polymeric nanocarriers show significant promise for targeted siRNA delivery to cancer cells.
- Understanding siRNA development and its mechanism is crucial for effective therapeutic strategies.
- These nanocarrier systems represent a key step towards developing novel siRNA-based cancer treatments.
Conclusions:
- Lipid and polymer-based nanocarriers are vital for advancing siRNA delivery in oncology.
- Further research in this area could lead to effective siRNA-based cancer therapies.
- Nanotechnology offers a promising platform for the future of targeted cancer treatment.
Keywords:
1,3-propanediol, PEG-b-PDMAEMA-b-Ppy2-propylacrylicacid, PAH-b-PDMAPMA-b-PAHAPOB, apolipoprotein BAQP-5, aquaporin-5AZEMA, azidoethyl methacrylateAtufect01, β-l-arginyl-2,3-l-diaminopropionicacid-N-palmityl-N-oleyl-amide trihydrochlorideAuNPs, gold nanoparticlesB-PEI, branched polyethlenimineBMA, butyl methacrylateCFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator geneCHEMS, cholesteryl hemisuccinateCHOL, cholesterolCMC, critical micelles concentrationCancerDC-Chol, 3β-[N-(N′,N′-dimethylaminoethane)carbamoyl]cholesterolDMAEMA, 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylateDNA, deoxyribonucleic acidDOPC, dioleylphosphatidyl cholineDOPE, dioleylphosphatidyl ethanolamineDOTAP, N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium methyl-sulfateDOTMA, N-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propy]-N,N,N-trimethylammoniumchlorideDOX, doxorubicinDSGLA, N,N-dis-tearyl-N-methyl-N-2[N′-(N2-guanidino-l-lysinyl)] aminoethylammonium chlorideDSPC, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholineDSPE, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamineDSPE-MPEG, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt)DSPE-PEG-Mal: 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[maleimide(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (mmmonium salt), EPRLiposomesMicellesN-acetylgalactosamine, HIF-1αNanomedicinePE-PCL-b-PNVCL, pentaerythritol polycaprolactone-block-poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)PLA, poly-l-argininePLGA, poly lactic-co-glycolic acidPLK-1, polo-like kinase 1PLL, poly-l-lysinePPES-b-PEO-b-PPES, poly(4-(phenylethynyl)styrene)-block-PEO-block-poly(4-(phenylethynyl)styrene)PTX, paclitaxelPiRNA, piwi-interacting RNAPolymerRES, reticuloendothelial systemRGD, Arg-Gly-Asp peptideRISC, RNA-induced silencing complexRNA, ribonucleic acidRNAi, RNA interferenceRNAse III, ribonuclease III enzymeSEM, scanning electron microscopeSNALP, stable nucleic acid-lipid particlesSiRNA, short interfering rNASmall interfering RNA (siRNA)S–Au, thio‒goldTCC, transitional cell carcinomaTEM, transmission electron microscopyTf, transferrinTrka, tropomyosin receptor kinase AUSPIO, ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticlesUV, ultravioletVEGF, vascular endothelial growth factorZEBOV, Zaire ebola virusenhanced permeability and retention, Galnachypoxia-inducible factor-1α, KSPkinesin spindle protein, LDIlipid-protamine-DNA/hyaluronic acid, MDRlysine ethyl ester diisocyanate, LPD/LPHmessenger RNA, MTXmethotrexate, NIRmethoxy polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone, mRNAmethoxypoly(ethylene glycol), MPEG-PCLmicro RNA, MPEGmultiple drug resistance, MiRNAnanoparticle, NRP-1near-infrared, NPneuropilin-1, PAApoly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide), PDOpoly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), pentaerythritol polycaprolactone-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)poly(acrylhydrazine)-block-poly(3-dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide)-block-poly(acrylhydrazine), PCLpoly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block poly(pyrenylmethyl methacrylate), PEG-b-PLLpoly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(l-lysine), PEIpoly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-stat-poly(methoxyethyl methacrylate), PEO-b-PCLpoly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(Ε-caprolactone), PE-PCL-b-PNIPAMpoly(Ε-caprolactone), PCL-PEGpoly(Ε-caprolactone)-polyethyleneglycol-poly(l-histidine), PCL-PEIpolycaprolactone-polyethyleneglycol, PCL-PEG-PHISpolycaprolactone-polyethylenimine, PDMApolyethylenimine, PEO-b-P(DEA-Stat-MEMA
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