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On tree longevity.

Gianluca Piovesan1, Franco Biondi2

  • 1Dendrology Lab, Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.

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|December 11, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Trees do not have programmed aging; they survive for millennia due to resistance to external threats and adaptable growth. This challenges traditional views on species longevity and ecological succession.

Keywords:
agingdendrochronologygrowth historyold growthradiocarbon datingsuccessiontradeoffstree ring

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Botany
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Trees are symbols of longevity, but their lifespan is determined by external factors, not internal aging.
  • Understanding tree longevity is crucial for ecological studies and landscape management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors contributing to extreme tree longevity.
  • To challenge the conventional understanding of species' lifespan in relation to ecological succession.
  • To highlight the importance of tree age in ecological theory and conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of published evidence on tree mortality and lifespan.
  • Analysis of life history traits and ecological niches supporting longevity.
  • Examination of growth plasticity and modularity in long-lived trees.

Main Results:

  • Trees primarily die from external causes, not programmed senescence.
  • Longevity is linked to traits conferring resistance or avoidance of mortality.
  • Sustained or plastic growth is essential for achieving maximum lifespan.
  • Extremely long-lived trees do not always fit the shade-tolerant, late-successional paradigm.

Conclusions:

  • Tree longevity is an evolutionary advantage shaped by extrinsic mortality resistance and growth plasticity.
  • Current ecological theories need revision regarding species lifespan and succession.
  • Identifying and studying ancient trees is vital for conservation and ecological understanding.