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Immunofluorescence Microscopy

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

Published on: December 10, 2011

Small molecular fluorescence dyes for immuno cell analysis.

Janine Jiang¹, Xue Li², Fei Mao²

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Analytical Biochemistry

|December 11, 2020

Summary

New CF dyes conjugated with antibodies improve flow cytometry for disease diagnosis and immunotherapy. This advancement enables high-dimensional analysis, offering a faster, cost-effective method for immune response studies and treatment development.

Keywords:

CF fluorescence dyes Cell analysis Flow cytometry Immunology

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Last Updated: Nov 26, 2025

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Biotechnology
Medical Diagnostics

Background:

Immune cell responses are linked to numerous diseases, including cancers and AIDS.
Accurate identification of immune responses is crucial for targeted therapy and immunotherapy.
Current diagnostic methods require improvement for speed and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel small molecular CF dyes for antibody conjugation.
To enhance flow cytometry capabilities for high-dimensional immune cell analysis.
To provide a tool for improved disease diagnosis and immunology treatment.

Main Methods:

Conjugation of small molecular CF dyes with antibodies (e.g., CD4, CD19).
Application of CF dye-conjugated antibodies in flow cytometry.
Expansion of flow cytometry reagent panels for multi-color analysis.

Main Results:

CF dyes enable high-dimensional flow cytometry with 30-40 fluorescent colors.
The dyes facilitate quick, accurate, and cost-effective disease diagnosis.
CF dyes support the study of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and vaccine development.

Conclusions:

CF dyes represent a significant advancement in flow cytometry for immunology.
This technology offers improved diagnostic and therapeutic potential for various diseases.
CF dyes are valuable tools for clinical immunology research and vaccine development.