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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Predictive Immune Modeling of Solid Tumors
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Predicting immunotherapy response through genomics.

Marina Candido Visontai Cormedi1, Eliezer M Van Allen2, Leandro Machado Colli1

  • 1Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14040-900, Brazil.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|December 11, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic biomarkers are crucial for predicting patient response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer treatment. Identifying these biomarkers helps select patients likely to benefit from ICI therapy, improving outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) like anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD1/PDL1 therapies restore anti-tumor immunity but benefit only a subset of cancer patients.
  • Adverse effects and high costs necessitate identifying patients who will respond to ICI treatment.
  • Genomic features show promise as predictive biomarkers for ICI response, with existing FDA approvals for microsatellite instability and high tumor mutational burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the development of genomic biomarkers for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • To discuss the challenges associated with genomic biomarker development and implementation in clinical practice.
  • To highlight key genomic alterations, including neoantigen burden and immune/oncogenic pathway status, as potential predictive markers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on genomic biomarkers and ICI response.
  • Analysis of established and emerging genomic markers, such as microsatellite instability and tumor mutational burden.
  • Focus on alterations within neoantigen, immune, and oncogenic pathways.

Main Results:

  • Genomic biomarkers, including MSI and TMB, are validated predictors of ICI response.
  • Emerging markers related to neoantigen load and immune/oncogenic pathways show potential for refining patient selection.
  • Challenges in biomarker development include standardization, validation, and clinical integration.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic biomarkers are essential for optimizing the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy.
  • Further research into neoantigen burden and pathway alterations can improve patient stratification for ICI treatment.
  • Addressing challenges in biomarker development is critical for translating genomic insights into clinical benefits.