Rhesus disease in Brazil: A multi-professional national survey

Universal prenatal Rhesus (Rh) screening and prophylaxis with Rh immunoglobulin have been highly effective practices for preventing neonatal morbidities and mortality. However, there has been an enormous failure to prevent Rh sensitization and its adverse consequences worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Brazil is the largest South American country with an upper-middle-income economy, but has regional inequalities in maternal and newborn care and no national or regional reporting about Rh sensitization. We performed a national survey of multi-healthcare professionals using a closed social media group and demonstrated that Rh disease is present in the country with significant knowledge heterogeneity among professionals and regions. Proper education and training across Brazil are needed to fully eradicate the disease and reduce mortality and long-term disabilities related to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.