Strategies to improve performances of LSPR biosensing: Structure, materials, and interface modification

Due to the unique nature of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), LSPR has attracted extensive attention in the field of biochemical sensing. However, compared with other sensors, the LSPR biosensor has lower sensitivity which has the limitation of insufficient repeatability and greatly limits its application and further promotion. Many researchers have invested a lot of energy in various ways to investigate different methods to improve sensitivity. This review summarizes these methods from the three aspects of structure, material, and interface modification. Meanwhile, it can be predicted that the strategies to improve the performance of LSPR biosensing will extend its application.