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The role of microbiota in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

Kewei Chen1, Tianming Yuan1

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health Zhejiang, PR China.

American Journal of Translational Research
|December 14, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, common in newborns, involves elevated bilirubin. This review highlights gut microbiota

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia affects 60% of full-term and 80% of preterm infants globally.
  • Elevated bilirubin levels can lead to neurotoxic effects.
  • Contributing factors include isoimmunization, gut flora, genetics, and environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify critical gut microbiota signatures in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • To elucidate the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms.
  • To propose gut microbiota-based therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of animal and human studies on gut microbiota and bilirubin metabolism.
  • Analysis of microbiota composition in neonates with varying hyperbilirubinemia severity.
  • Focus on dysbiosis and microbiota-related metabolic alterations.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota play a causal role in bilirubin metabolism.
  • Specific microbiota compositions are associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • Dysbiosis and altered metabolic processes are key factors.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota signatures are critical in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
  • Understanding these signatures and mechanisms can guide new therapies.
  • Targeting gut microbiota offers a novel therapeutic approach.

Keywords:
Gut microbiotabilirubin encephalopathybilirubin metabolismneonatal hyperbilirubinemiaprebioticsprobiotics

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