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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 26, 2025

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function

Published on: April 12, 2024

Advances in imaging for lung emphysema.

Katharina Martini¹, Thomas Frauenfelder¹

¹Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Annals of Translational Medicine

|December 14, 2020

Summary

Lung emphysema, a leading cause of death, involves irreversible alveolar wall destruction. This review covers emphysema subtypes, risk assessment, and traditional and emerging imaging techniques for diagnosis and quantification.

Keywords:

Emphysema chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)imaging

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Radiology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Lung emphysema is a significant global health issue, causing 5% of worldwide deaths.
It is characterized by irreversible enlargement and destruction of alveoli, impacting gas exchange.
Key causes include smoking and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, with distinct distribution patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

To review lung emphysema subtypes and their characteristics.
To provide an overview of prediction and risk assessment strategies for emphysematous disease.
To discuss traditional and novel imaging techniques for emphysema diagnosis, quantification, and evaluation.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on lung emphysema.
Discussion of various imaging modalities, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Exploration of emerging techniques such as radiomics and artificial intelligence in emphysema assessment.

Main Results:

Emphysema subtypes vary in etiology and affected lung regions (e.g., smoking-related vs. alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency).
Accurate quantification and distribution evaluation are critical for treatment planning.
Computed tomography (CT) is the current gold standard for imaging, but advanced techniques are gaining prominence.

Conclusions:

Understanding emphysema subtypes and causes is crucial for effective management.
Imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosis, quantification, and treatment planning.
Emerging imaging technologies offer promising advancements for evaluating lung emphysema.