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The Social Risks of Science.

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    Scientific research poses social risks beyond participants, including bystander and dual-use research concerns. Framing these widely distributed risks as political, not just moral, problems offers a new solution framework.

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    Area of Science:

    • Bioethics
    • Science Policy
    • Risk Management

    Background:

    • Scientific research frequently generates social risks impacting third parties, not solely participants or researchers.
    • These risks encompass bystander effects, biosafety issues (e.g., gain-of-function research), misuse of dual-use research, and inductive risks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To unify the understanding of diverse social risks in scientific research.
    • To evaluate the applicability of traditional moral principles (risk-benefit ratio, informed consent) to these risks.
    • To propose an alternative framework for addressing social risks in science.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of existing ethical frameworks for human subjects research.
    • Critique of applying moral principles to widely distributed social risks.
    • Application of concepts from political philosophy to reframe research risks.

    Main Results:

    • Standard moral principles like favorable risk-benefit ratios and informed consent are challenging to apply to distributed social risks.
    • Affected parties may reasonably disagree on the assessment of these risks.
    • A political framing offers a more viable approach to managing these complex issues.

    Conclusions:

    • Rethinking social risks in scientific research through a political lens is necessary.
    • A political philosophy-informed framework can better address the challenges posed by widely distributed social risks.
    • This approach offers a unified strategy for managing diverse research-related harms.