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Expanding End-of-Life Options for Incarcerated Individuals.

Jack Bookbinder1, Kwasi Boaitey2, Jonathan Herington2

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|November 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expanding medical release programs (MRPs) offers a more ethical approach to end-of-life (EOL) care for aging prisoners than prison-based programs. MRPs better protect patient autonomy and dignity, despite existing access barriers.

Keywords:
carceralcompassionate releasecriminal-justicecriminal-legalend-of-life careincarcerationmedical parole

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Criminal Justice

Background:

  • The aging incarcerated population in the U.S. necessitates improved end-of-life (EOL) care strategies.
  • Current EOL care models include medical release programs (MRPs) and prison-based EOL care programs (EOLCPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the ethical and practical considerations of MRPs versus EOLCPs for aging prisoners.
  • To advocate for expanded MRPs as the primary EOL care model, supported by continued EOLCPs.

Main Methods:

  • Case study analysis using New York State data.
  • Examination of barriers to medical release access.
  • Comparative analysis of prison-based EOL care quality against community standards.

Main Results:

  • Significant barriers hinder medical release access, including lack of awareness, procedural issues, and stigma.
  • Prison-based EOLCPs often fail to meet community standards in areas like family involvement and pain management.
  • Medically released individuals demonstrate low recidivism rates.

Conclusions:

  • Expanded medical release programs (MRPs) are recommended as the most ethical path for aging prisoners' end-of-life care.
  • Maintaining prison-based EOLCPs is crucial for individuals ineligible or unwilling to participate in MRPs.
  • Policy changes are needed to streamline medical release processes and ensure equitable care.