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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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There are three methods by which heat transfer can take place: conduction, convection, and radiation. Each method has unique and interesting characteristics, but all three have two things in common: they transfer heat solely because of a temperature difference; and the greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer.
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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Conduction-Radiation Coupling between Two Closely Separated Solids.

M Reina1, R Messina1, P Ben-Abdallah1

  • 1Laboratoire Charles Fabry, UMR 8501, Institut d'Optique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Avenue Augustin Fresnel, 91127 Palaiseau Cedex, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New theory reveals conduction-radiation coupling significantly reduces near-field radiative heat transfer between nanoscale materials. This finding impacts thermal management and energy conversion technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Thermodynamics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • The Polder-van Hove theory assumes no interaction between internal heat carriers and photons in radiative heat exchange.
  • Existing models do not account for the interplay between conduction and radiation in nanoscale heat transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general theory for conduction-radiation coupling in heat exchange between closely spaced solids.
  • To investigate the impact of this coupling on radiative heat flux at subwavelength separations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a general theory to describe conduction-radiation coupling.
  • Analyzed heat exchange between two parallel slabs at nanometric distances.

Main Results:

  • The temperature profile induced by conduction-radiation coupling can decrease radiative heat flux by orders of magnitude.
  • Conventional theory overestimates radiative heat transfer in nanoscale gaps.

Conclusions:

  • Conduction-radiation coupling is crucial for accurate nanoscale heat transfer predictions.
  • Findings have significant implications for nanoscale thermal management, near-field cooling, and energy conversion.