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Improved GNSS-Based Bistatic SAR Using Multi-Satellites Fusion: Analysis and Experimental Demonstration.

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  • 1School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.

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Summary

This study enhances Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) resolution using dual-satellite fusion. An optimized satellite selection method improves imaging efficiency and significantly reduces resolution unit area.

Keywords:
GNSSPSFSARgreedy algorithmmulti-satellites fusiontwo-dimensional (2-D) resolution

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Area of Science:

  • Remote Sensing
  • Geospatial Technology
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers all-weather, real-time global observation.
  • Limited signal bandwidth restricts the range resolution of current GNSS-based Bistatic SAR systems.
  • Multi-satellite fusion presents a solution to improve resolution by leveraging different satellite configurations, but faces challenges in efficiency and computation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To effectively improve the resolution of multi-satellite fusion systems in GNSS-based Bistatic SAR.
  • To analyze the Point Spread Function (PSF) and its relationship with geometric configuration and satellite number for resolution enhancement.
  • To develop an optimized dual-satellite fusion imaging method for higher resolution and efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Point Spread Function (PSF) for multi-satellite fusion systems.
  • Comparative analysis of multi-satellite vs. dual-satellite fusion efficiency.
  • Development of a greedy algorithm for optimized dual-satellite selection based on geometric configuration and azimuthal vectors.
  • Image fusion through non-coherent addition of images from selected reference and auxiliary satellites.
  • Validation through GPS L1 real orbit multi-target simulations and experimental imaging.

Main Results:

  • Dual-satellite fusion demonstrates higher resolution enhancement efficiency compared to general multi-satellite fusion.
  • The proposed optimized dual-satellite selection method achieved globally optimal 2-D resolution in 15 out of 24 datasets.
  • Experimental results showed a 70.1% reduction in resolution unit area compared to single-satellite images.
  • The proposed method's processing time was 66.6% of the traversal method in experiments with three navigation satellites.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dual-satellite fusion imaging method effectively improves resolution in GNSS-based Bistatic SAR.
  • Optimized satellite selection significantly enhances resolution and processing efficiency.
  • The method is feasible and demonstrates practical advantages for remote sensing applications.