Corneal Cross-Linking for Keratoconus: Current Knowledge and Practice and Future Trends.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition affecting corneal shape.
• Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin has become a standard treatment.
• Early intervention is critical, particularly in pediatric keratoconus.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current standard of care for progressive keratoconus.
• To discuss the role and ongoing debates surrounding CXL protocols.
• To highlight the importance of CXL in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

• Review of current clinical practices and literature on corneal collagen cross-linking.
• Discussion of different CXL protocols (standard, accelerated, transepithelial).
• Consideration of adjunctive treatments like laser refractive surgery.

Main Results:

• CXL is a highly effective treatment for progressive keratoconus.
• Pediatric patients benefit significantly from early CXL due to faster progression rates.
• Ongoing research and debate exist regarding optimal CXL protocols and combinations.

Conclusions:

• Corneal collagen cross-linking is a transformative therapy for keratoconus.
• Standardized protocols and further research are essential for advancing CXL applications.
• Cautious clinical application is advised pending robust scientific evidence.