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The bifid mandibular canal in three-dimensional radiography: morphologic and quantitative characteristics
Thomas von Arx1, Michael M Bornstein2
1Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Swiss Dental Journal
|December 16, 2020
Summary
Bifid mandibular canals (BMCs), variations of the mandibular canal containing the inferior alveolar nerve, occur frequently. Awareness of BMCs is crucial for safe dental procedures to prevent neurovascular complications.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Radiology
- Oral Surgery
Background:
- The mandibular canal contains the inferior alveolar nerve, vital for dental procedures.
- Anatomical variations, including bifid mandibular canals (BMCs), can complicate interventions.
- BMCs arise from incomplete fusion during embryonic development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review morphological and quantitative data on bifid mandibular canals (BMCs).
- To highlight the clinical significance of BMCs in dental treatment planning.
- To consolidate findings from three-dimensional radiography studies on BMCs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies utilizing three-dimensional radiography (CT and CBCT).
- Analysis of morphological and quantitative data on BMCs.
- Compilation of reported frequencies, types, lengths, and diameters of BMCs.
Main Results:
- BMCs are frequently observed, with patient prevalence ranging from 9.8-66.5% and side prevalence from 7.7-46.5%.
- Various BMC types exist (retromolar, dental, etc.), often bifurcating in posterior canal regions.
- Mean BMC length: 10.2-16.9 mm; mean diameter: 0.9-2.3 mm.
Conclusions:
- Bifid mandibular canals (BMCs) are common anatomical variations.
- Understanding BMC morphology and prevalence is essential for safe anesthetic, endodontic, and surgical interventions.
- Clinicians must consider BMCs during treatment planning to avoid neurovascular damage.
