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Related Concept Videos

DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
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Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

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The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
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Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
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Triggering G-Quadruplex Conformation Switching with [7]Helicenes.

Bodil Lousen1, Stephan K Pedersen1, Dora M Răsădean2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Chiral heterohelicenes and G-quadruplex DNA structures stabilize each other, enhancing specific conformations at higher temperatures. This interaction influences DNA folding and offers insights into molecular stabilization mechanisms.

Keywords:
G-quadruplexeschiralitycircular dichroismconformational analysishelical structures

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Biophysical Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Chiral heterohelicenes and G-quadruplex DNA are complex structures with multiple conformations.
  • Understanding their interactions is crucial for developing novel molecular stabilization strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic interplay between chiral heterohelicenes and G-quadruplex DNA.
  • To determine how these structures mutually stabilize each other and influence DNA conformations.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of heterohelicene ligands (L1 and L2).
  • Spectroscopic studies to analyze G-quadruplex DNA conformations (e.g., k-ras, h-telo).
  • Variable temperature circular dichroism (VTCD) melting experiments to assess stability and racemization.

Main Results:

  • Heterohelicenes and G-quadruplexes show mutual stabilization of specific conformations, particularly at elevated temperatures.
  • Ligands L1 and L2 stabilize parallel G-quadruplexes (k-ras) and induce conformational changes in hybrid (K+) and antiparallel (Na+) h-telo G-quadruplexes.
  • Enantioselective binding of a helicene enantiomer was observed for L2, with racemization barrier estimated.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral heterohelicenes can selectively modulate G-quadruplex DNA structures and enhance their stability.
  • This study reveals a synergistic relationship between helicenes and G-quadruplexes, with potential applications in molecular recognition and stabilization.