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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Necrotizing Enterocolitis and the Microbiome: Current Status and Future Directions.

Robert Thänert1,2, Eric C Keen1,2, Gautam Dantas1,2,3,4

  • 1The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|December 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants is linked to gut bacteria imbalance. Understanding the infant microbiome may help prevent and treat this serious gastrointestinal condition.

Keywords:
TLR4metagenomicsmicrobiomemicrobiotanecrotizing enterocolitispreterm birth

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe gastrointestinal disease affecting preterm infants.
  • Its exact pathophysiology remains undefined despite extensive research.
  • Emerging evidence implicates host-microbiota interactions and microbial dysbiosis in NEC development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the preterm infant microbiome in necrotizing enterocolitis.
  • To review clinical aspects, risk factors, and immunological interfaces of NEC.
  • To discuss microbiome-based strategies for NEC prevention and management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing clinical data and research on NEC.
  • Analysis of the preterm infant microbiome structure preceding NEC.
  • Examination of host-microbiota immunological interactions.

Main Results:

  • Microbial dysbiosis precedes barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and necrosis in NEC.
  • The preterm infant microbiome's structure is a key factor in NEC pathogenesis.
  • Host immunology is significantly influenced by the gut microbial community.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the preterm infant microbiome is crucial for NEC diagnosis and treatment.
  • Microbiome-based interventions show promise for preventing or mitigating NEC.
  • Further research into host-microbiota dynamics can advance NEC care for vulnerable infants.