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Morphometric analysis of the apical foramina in extracted human teeth
M Z Manva1, S Sheereen2, M K Hans3
1College of Dentistry, Restorative Dental Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. m.manva@mu.edu.sa.
Folia Morphologica
|December 17, 2020
Summary
The study analyzed apical foramen morphology in human teeth, finding round shapes and central locations are most common. Deviations were frequent, particularly in mandibular posterior teeth, impacting dental anatomy understanding.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Human Anatomy
- Morphological Analysis
Background:
- Understanding the apical foramen's morphology is crucial for endodontic procedures.
- Variations in apical foramen shape and location can influence treatment outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the morphology, including shape and location, of apical foramina in permanent human maxillary and mandibular teeth.
- To investigate variations based on tooth type, arch, and position.
Main Methods:
- Evaluated shapes (rounded, oval, uneven, flat, semilunar) and locations (center, buccal/labial, lingual/palatal, mesial, distal) of apical foramina.
- Analyzed data based on tooth type, arch, and position using stereomicroscopy (10× magnification) and SPSS.
- Statistical analysis performed with a p-value less than 0.05.
Main Results:
- The most common apical foramen shape was round (65%), with a central location (32%).
- Apical foramen deviation occurred in 68% of teeth, with more deviation in maxillary anterior teeth and mandibular posterior teeth.
- Round shapes predominated (65.1%), followed by oval (31%); flat and semilunar shapes were rare.
Conclusions:
- The distal surface was the most frequent deviation direction for apical foramina.
- Variations were most common in mandibular posterior teeth and least common in maxillary posterior teeth.
- Round apical foramina are most common, followed by oval shapes, with oval shapes being most frequent in central incisors.
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