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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

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Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

218
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
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Bladder-embedded ectopic intrauterine device with calculus.

Bing-Jian Xiong1, Guang-Jing Tao1, Duo Jiang1

  • 1Department of Urology, Ankang City Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi, 725000, China.

Open Medicine (Warsaw, Poland)
|December 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzed embedded intrauterine devices (IUDs) in the bladder wall, often with calculus. All 11 patients successfully had their IUDs and bladder stones removed via surgery.

Keywords:
cystectomyintrauterine deviceintrauterine device migrationlaparoscopysurgeryurinary bladderurinary bladder calculi

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Embedded intrauterine devices (IUDs) in the bladder wall are a rare complication.
  • The presence of calculus (bladder stones) further complicates management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze outcomes of surgical removal for embedded IUDs in the bladder wall, with or without calculus.
  • To compare surgical approaches (laparoscopy vs. open surgery) for this condition.

Main Methods:

  • A case series of 11 female patients with embedded IUDs in the bladder wall was reviewed.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, duration of IUD placement and symptoms, and surgical outcomes.
  • Surgical outcomes compared laparoscopy and open surgery, including operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, pain scores (VAS), and catheter removal time.

Main Results:

  • All 11 patients (100%) underwent successful removal of both the embedded IUD and bladder stones.
  • Laparoscopic surgery showed shorter hospital stays and faster catheter removal compared to open surgery.
  • Open surgery resulted in greater blood loss and higher post-operative pain scores (VAS).

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention is effective for removing embedded IUDs and associated bladder stones.
  • Laparoscopy may offer advantages in terms of recovery time and patient comfort compared to open surgery for this condition.