Related Experiment Video
Updated: Nov 19, 2025
10:26
Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
Published on: September 11, 2021
4.2K
Are effect sizes in self-efficacy field changing over time? A meta-meta analysis.
Xinian Jiao1, Xiyan Yu1, Shuyuan Wang1
1Department of Psychology, Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
Summary
Individual self-efficacy increases over time, potentially due to social development. However, intervention effects on self-efficacy are unclear, and its predictive power is declining, possibly due to overestimation or reporting biases.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Social Development
- Meta-Analysis
Background:
- Self-efficacy theory, proposed by Bandura in 1977, has seen significant development.
- Recent decades show increased research into cultural and psychological changes linked to social development.
- The study investigates temporal changes in individual self-efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if self-efficacy changes over time.
- To analyze the impact of interventions on self-efficacy across different time points.
- To assess the changing predictive validity of self-efficacy.
Main Methods:
- A meta-meta-analysis was conducted.
- Included 13 meta-analyses, encompassing 536 effect sizes.
- Total sample size across studies was 421,880 participants.
Main Results:
- Individual self-efficacy demonstrates an increase over time, correlating with social development trends.
- Intervention effects on self-efficacy remained consistent, potentially confounded by time effects.
- A significant decline in the predictive power of self-efficacy was observed, particularly for objective variables.
Conclusions:
- Self-efficacy naturally increases with time and social development.
- The efficacy of interventions may be masked by concurrent temporal increases in self-efficacy.
- Declining predictive effects suggest potential overestimation of self-efficacy or biases in original research reporting.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
133
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
133
01:28Self-Esteem
91
Self-esteem, a core aspect of psychological well-being, reflects an individual's positive and negative self-evaluation in terms of worth, competence, and overall value. It is both a stable trait and a dynamic process, influenced by experiences and social interactions across the lifespan. While global self-esteem offers a general assessment, research highlights that self-esteem is multidimensional and varies across specific life domains.Domain-Specific Self-EsteemResearchers have delineated...
91
01:24Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
96
Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem:...
96
01:27Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison
117
Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
117
01:29Self-Efficacy
98
Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capacity to organize and execute actions necessary to manage prospective situations. This belief significantly influences how individuals approach goals, tasks, and challenges across different domains of life.Psychological and Educational ImpactsIndividuals with strong self-efficacy are more resilient in the face of difficulties. They are more likely to adopt effective problem-solving strategies, persist through obstacles, and regulate emotions such as...
98
02:45Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.6K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.6K