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Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...
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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
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Updated: Nov 25, 2025

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Inteins in Science: Evolution to Application.

Ananya Nanda1, Sourya Subhra Nasker1, Ashwaria Mehra1

  • 1School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 754021, Odisha, India.

Microorganisms
|December 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inteins are mobile genetic elements that splice proteins. Engineered inteins are versatile biotechnological tools for applications from protein purification to synthetic biology.

Keywords:
applicationevolutioninteinsprotein engineeringsplicing

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Inteins are mobile genetic elements that catalyze protein splicing post-translationally.
  • Recent advances have transformed intein technology into a powerful biotechnological tool.
  • Engineered inteins, including cis- and trans-splicing variants, enhance downstream applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the distribution, evolution, and genetic mobility of inteins.
  • To summarize diverse applications of intein technology.
  • To highlight the disruptive potential of engineered inteins in modern research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on intein distribution and evolution.
  • Analysis of intein structure and catalytic mechanisms.
  • Compilation of current and emerging intein applications.

Main Results:

  • Inteins play a significant role in genetic mobility.
  • Engineered inteins enable efficient protein purification, modification, and labeling.
  • Inteins are applicable in vivo, in biosensors, and in fields like synthetic biology.

Conclusions:

  • Intein technology offers a versatile platform for diverse biotechnological applications.
  • Engineered inteins provide innovative solutions for biomaterial construction and metabolic engineering.
  • A comprehensive understanding of intein function is crucial for advancing research avenues.