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Updated: Nov 25, 2025
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Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of the Cerebrovasculature: Relevance to CNS Diseases
Published on: December 6, 2016
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COVID-19 and cerebrovascular diseases: a comprehensive overview
Georgios Tsivgoulis1, Lina Palaiodimou2, Ramin Zand3
1Second Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Rimini 1, Chaidari, Athens 12462, Greece.
Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
|December 21, 2020
Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to cerebrovascular disease through various mechanisms. COVID-19 stroke patients face higher mortality and worse outcomes, necessitating prompt recognition.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Cardiovascular Medicine
Background:
- Neurological symptoms are frequent in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections.
- A link between cerebrovascular disease and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is observed, but causality remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review pathophysiological mechanisms connecting COVID-19 and cerebrovascular disease.
- To describe stroke syndromes, prognosis, and clinical indicators for recognizing cerebrovascular disease in COVID-19 patients.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search and data abstraction.
- Narrative review of existing studies.
Main Results:
- Potential mechanisms include ACE2 receptor dysregulation, immune response, inflammation, coagulopathy, cardiac injury, and critical illness complications.
- Prevalence of stroke in COVID-19 patients ranges from 0.5% to 5%, including ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.
- COVID-19 stroke patients exhibit higher mortality, poorer functional outcomes, and longer hospital stays.
Conclusions:
- Several factors link COVID-19 to cerebrovascular events.
- Prompt identification of COVID-19-related stroke is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
- Clinical, radiological, and laboratory 'red flags' can aid in early diagnosis.
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