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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

880
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

630
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

9.1K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
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Current Trends in Cancer Immunotherapy.

Ivan Y Filin1, Valeriya V Solovyeva1, Kristina V Kitaeva1

  • 1Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia.

Biomedicines
|December 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cancer immunotherapy shows promise but faces challenges. This review explores current methods, their effectiveness, and strategies to improve cancer treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
CAR T-cell therapycancercytokine therapyimmune checkpoint inhibitorsimmunotherapyoncolytic virusesvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Malignant neoplasms represent a significant global health challenge.
  • Understanding tumor-immune cell interactions has spurred the development of cancer immunotherapies.
  • Initial successes have highlighted the potential of immunotherapy in cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of cancer immunotherapy strategies.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of various immunotherapy approaches.
  • To identify challenges and propose solutions for enhancing therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of the efficacy and limitations of different immunotherapy methods.
  • Exploration of strategies to overcome current therapeutic hurdles.

Main Results:

  • Cancer immunotherapy has demonstrated initial successes, attracting significant scientific and clinical interest.
  • Despite progress, immunotherapy faces persistent challenges limiting its widespread effectiveness against neoplasms.
  • Various strategies are being investigated to improve treatment outcomes and expand therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer immunotherapy offers a promising frontier in oncology.
  • Addressing current limitations is crucial for realizing the full potential of these treatments.
  • Further research into overcoming challenges will enhance therapeutic strategies against malignant neoplasms.