Biomimetic nanoparticles as universal influenza vaccine

Pandemic virus infections pose a major public health threat globally. Much efforts have been devoted to suppress the virus, including vaccine prevention, autoimmunity enhancement, and anti-virus drugs treatment. Among these strategies, development of novel and improved vaccine technologies attracts broad attention as they can nip the virus outbreak in the bud and avoid the appearance of public health emergency. However, current influenza vaccines only provide protection against homologous viruses. Therefore, chemical technologies are being employed for the development of new and improved vaccine, such as chitosan, plant polysaccharides and virus-like particles. In addition, recently, Wang et al. offered a promising means to develop universal viral vaccine through biomimetic nanoparticles and heterosubtypic protection could be achieved. These strategies with multidisciplinary collaboration are promising to make conceptual and technological advances of modern vaccinology to address pandemic virus infections.