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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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[Stem cell therapy for non-obstructive azoospermia].

Cun-Can Deng1,2, Gui-Hua Liu1

  • 1Center of Reproduction, The Sixth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510620, China.

Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue = National Journal of Andrology
|December 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stem cell therapy shows promise for treating non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), a cause of male infertility. Research explores various stem cell types and culture methods to improve sperm production, despite current challenges.

Keywords:
differentiationnon-obstructive azoospermiaparacrinespermatogenic microenvironmentstem cell

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Stem Cell Science
  • Andrology

Background:

  • Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a significant cause of male infertility.
  • Current stem cell approaches face challenges like ethical concerns, tumorigenesis risk, and difficulties in in vitro culture.
  • Existing research explores various stem cell types and their roles in spermatogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in stem cell therapy for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA).
  • To discuss the application prospects and existing challenges of stem cell therapy in treating NOA.
  • To provide a reference for future research and clinical applications in NOA treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on stem cell therapy for NOA.
  • Analysis of different stem cell types: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, spermatogonial stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and Leydig stem cells.
  • Evaluation of co-culture and 3D testicular organ culture techniques to simulate the testicular microenvironment.

Main Results:

  • Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can generate spermatozoa but have ethical and safety concerns.
  • Spermatogonial stem cells can produce gametes, but human cell culture is challenging.
  • Mesenchymal and Leydig stem cells support spermatogenesis via paracrine activity and testosterone secretion, respectively.
  • 2D co-culture and 3D testicular organ culture show potential in promoting spermatogenesis by mimicking the testicular niche.

Conclusions:

  • Stem cell therapy has made progress in treating NOA, offering potential solutions for male infertility.
  • Overcoming challenges related to ethical considerations, tumorigenesis, and in vitro culture is crucial for clinical translation.
  • Further research into optimizing stem cell types and culture systems is needed to enhance efficacy and safety for NOA treatment.