Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

63.8K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
63.8K
Neurulation01:30

Neurulation

44.1K
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
44.1K
Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

48.7K
After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
48.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Active and probe-free intracellular rheology via phase-sensitive thermoviscous flows.

PNAS nexus·2026
Same author

Keratins coordinate tissue spreading by balancing spreading forces with tissue material properties.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Decoding zebrafish oogenesis: From primordial germ cell development to fertilization.

Seminars in cell & developmental biology·2025
Same author

Hoxb genes determine the timing of cell ingression by regulating cell surface fluctuations during zebrafish gastrulation.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

BMP-dependent patterning of ectoderm tissue material properties modulates lateral mesendoderm cell migration during early zebrafish gastrulation.

Cell reports·2025
Same author

Development: Turing mechanics.

Current biology : CB·2024
Same journal

The molecular mechanism underlying melatonin-mediated repair of ovarian damage in mice exposed to abnormal light cycles.

Developmental biology·2026
Same journal

The Drosophila ovarian terminal filament imports lipophilic molecules that support cyst and follicle development within the ovariole.

Developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 1 Controls Distal Lung Formation via Wnt and PDGF Signaling.

Developmental biology·2026
Same journal

The vascular-osteogenic interface in craniofacial development: a structured review of emerging associations in congenital malformations.

Developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Turning off metamorphosis: Thyroid hormone deregulation in the evolution of obligately paedomorphic salamanders.

Developmental biology·2026
Same journal

Developmental analysis of the cone photoreceptor-less little skate retina reveals distinct Onecut1 isoforms.

Developmental biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Generation of Parabiotic Zebrafish Embryos by Surgical Fusion of Developing Blastulae
10:38

Generation of Parabiotic Zebrafish Embryos by Surgical Fusion of Developing Blastulae

Published on: June 11, 2016

11.8K

Reassembling gastrulation.

Alexandra Schauer1, Carl-Philipp Heisenberg1

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria.

Developmental Biology
|December 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embryonic development relies on symmetry breaking for pattern formation and germ layer development. Comparing in vivo and in vitro systems reveals conserved and divergent strategies in early embryonic development.

Keywords:
Embryonic stem cellsGastrulationSelf-organization

More Related Videos

Double Whole Mount in situ Hybridization of Early Chick Embryos
15:42

Double Whole Mount in situ Hybridization of Early Chick Embryos

Published on: October 27, 2008

12.8K
Chicken Recombinant Limbs Assay to Understand Morphogenesis, Patterning, and Early Steps in Cell Differentiation
08:08

Chicken Recombinant Limbs Assay to Understand Morphogenesis, Patterning, and Early Steps in Cell Differentiation

Published on: January 12, 2022

2.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Generation of Parabiotic Zebrafish Embryos by Surgical Fusion of Developing Blastulae
10:38

Generation of Parabiotic Zebrafish Embryos by Surgical Fusion of Developing Blastulae

Published on: June 11, 2016

11.8K
Double Whole Mount in situ Hybridization of Early Chick Embryos
15:42

Double Whole Mount in situ Hybridization of Early Chick Embryos

Published on: October 27, 2008

12.8K
Chicken Recombinant Limbs Assay to Understand Morphogenesis, Patterning, and Early Steps in Cell Differentiation
08:08

Chicken Recombinant Limbs Assay to Understand Morphogenesis, Patterning, and Early Steps in Cell Differentiation

Published on: January 12, 2022

2.5K

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Embryology

Background:

  • Embryonic development transforms a single cell into a complex organism via cell division, specification, and rearrangement.
  • Pattern formation in developing organisms requires establishing asymmetries at multiple scales, from cellular to embryonic levels.
  • Gastrulation is a critical phase marked by lineage restriction events that establish the primary germ layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare conserved and divergent strategies of germ layer formation in vivo versus in vitro.
  • To investigate the upstream molecular cascades governing germ layer development.
  • To elucidate the role of extrinsic factors in directing embryonic development and pattern formation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of traditional in vivo studies focusing on signaling pathways and cellular rearrangements.
  • Investigation of self-assembling embryo-like structures derived from embryonic stem cells in vitro.
  • Comparative analysis of developmental strategies across different model systems.

Main Results:

  • Germ layer formation involves symmetry breaking and lineage restriction, crucial for body structure development.
  • Both in vivo and in vitro systems demonstrate distinct yet overlapping mechanisms for establishing germ layers.
  • Extrinsic factors play a significant role in influencing developmental pathways and outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding germ layer formation requires integrating insights from both traditional embryonic studies and novel in vitro self-assembly systems.
  • Comparative approaches highlight the plasticity and robustness of developmental processes.
  • Further research into molecular cascades and extrinsic factors will refine our models of early embryogenesis.