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Gene regulation by long non-coding RNAs and its biological functions
Luisa Statello1,2, Chun-Jie Guo3, Ling-Ling Chen4,5,6
1Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|December 23, 2020
Summary
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, with distinct biogenesis and functions. Understanding lncRNA mechanisms offers potential for novel biomarkers and clinical therapies.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their crucial roles in gene regulation.
- Their biogenesis, subcellular localization, and functions are distinct from messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms of lncRNA biogenesis, localization, and diverse gene regulatory functions.
- To explore the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on lncRNA biology.
- Synthesis of evidence on lncRNA interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins.
- Analysis of lncRNA roles in various biological and pathological contexts.
Main Results:
- lncRNAs modulate chromatin, nuclear bodies, mRNA stability, translation, and signaling pathways.
- lncRNA functions impact gene expression in neuronal disorders, immune responses, and cancer.
- Tissue-specific and condition-specific expression highlights lncRNA biomarker potential.
Conclusions:
- lncRNAs are versatile regulators of gene expression across multiple levels.
- Targeting lncRNAs presents promising avenues for clinical intervention.
- Further research into lncRNA mechanisms will advance therapeutic strategies.
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