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Fast developing Russian wheat aphid biotypes remains an unsolved enigma.

Anna-Maria Botha1

  • 1Genetics Department, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7601, South Africa.

Current Opinion in Insect Science
|December 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) evolves virulence against cereal hosts despite asexual reproduction. This review explores how noncoding RNAs, bacteria, and epigenetics may drive this invasive pest's virulence acquisition.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant-insect interactions
  • Pest management
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Diuraphis noxia, the Russian wheat aphid, is a significant invasive pest of cereals.
  • This aphid species reproduces asexually, yet continually develops new virulent populations.
  • Virulence acquisition is key to overcoming host plant resistance in this phloem-feeding pest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding Russian wheat aphid virulence mechanisms.
  • To highlight strategies employed by the aphid to overcome host resistance.
  • To focus on the roles of noncoding RNAs, bacteria, and epigenetics in virulence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on Diuraphis noxia virulence.
  • Analysis of molecular and epigenetic mechanisms of aphid-host interactions.
  • Synthesis of findings on the contribution of symbionts and genetic elements to virulence.

Main Results:

  • Despite limited genetic diversity, Russian wheat aphid populations evolve enhanced virulence.
  • Noncoding RNA elements, bacterial endosymbionts, and epigenetic modifications are implicated in virulence.
  • These factors likely facilitate the breakdown of Russian wheat aphid resistance in cereal hosts.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of virulence acquisition is crucial for managing the Russian wheat aphid.
  • Noncoding RNAs, bacteria, and epigenetic pathways represent promising targets for future control strategies.
  • Further research into these areas can lead to more effective pest management for cereal crops.