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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

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Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is...
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Oogenesis02:07

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Folliculogenesis01:20

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Folliculogenesis is the development of ovarian follicles, the specialized structures within the ovarian cortex where oogenesis, or egg development, occurs. This process is essential for female reproductive health and begins during fetal development when primordial follicles are formed. Each primordial follicle comprises a primary oocyte in the center, surrounded by a single layer of squamous pre-granulosa cells. These follicles remain dormant in late prophase I of meiosis until triggered by...
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Ovaries01:26

Ovaries

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The ovaries are roughly the size of almonds and measure approximately 2 to 3 centimeters in length. These paired structures are situated within the pelvic region and are anchored by the mesovarium—a peritoneal extension that also connects them to the wider structure of the broad ligament. The support system extends to the suspensory ligament, housing blood and lymphatic vessels. In addition, the ovarian ligament tethers the ovaries to the uterus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 24, 2025

Production and Use of Customizable Agarose Molds for Scaffold-Free Mouse Ovarian Follicle Culture
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Production and Use of Customizable Agarose Molds for Scaffold-Free Mouse Ovarian Follicle Culture

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The function of Wls in ovarian development.

Luyi Chen1, Wei Zhang1, Ruiqi Huang1

  • 1Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, People's Republic of China.

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|December 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The WNT ligand transporter Wls is crucial for female fertility and ovulation. Deleting Wls in mice significantly reduced fertility, ovarian size, and progesterone levels, highlighting its essential role in reproductive processes.

Keywords:
Follicle developmentOvaryOvulationWls

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The WNT signaling pathway is vital for numerous developmental and pathological processes.
  • WNT ligand transporter Wls plays a key role in WNT signaling.
  • Understanding Wls expression and function is critical for reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Wls in the mouse ovary.
  • To determine the role of Wls in female fertility and reproductive function.
  • To identify genes regulated by Wls during ovulation and luteinization.

Main Methods:

  • Immature female mice were treated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) to induce ovulation.
  • Wls was selectively deleted in granulosa cells using the Amhr2-Cre mouse model.
  • Ovarian function, fertility, serum hormone levels, and gene expression were analyzed in Wls-deficient mice.

Main Results:

  • Wls expression was upregulated in granulosa cells and the corpus luteum after hCG administration.
  • Deletion of Wls led to decreased fertility, smaller ovarian size, and fewer antral follicles.
  • Wls deficiency resulted in reduced corpus luteum formation and lower serum progesterone levels.
  • RNA sequencing revealed downregulation of key genes involved in follicle development, steroidogenesis, and WNT signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Wls is essential for normal ovarian function, including follicle development and luteinization.
  • Wls plays a critical role in regulating genes vital for female fertility.
  • Targeting Wls may offer therapeutic potential for reproductive disorders.