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Vortex dynamics and transport phenomena in stenotic aortic models using Echo-PIV.

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|December 28, 2020
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This study analyzes blood flow in realistic artery models with atherosclerosis, revealing how stenosis severity and flow rate impact vortex formation and fluid transport, crucial for understanding cardiovascular disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, involves arterial narrowing (stenosis) that obstructs blood flow.
  • Understanding blood flow dynamics within stenotic arteries is critical for assessing disease progression and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate blood flow dynamics and fluid transport in realistic aortic models with varying degrees of stenosis.
  • To analyze the influence of stenosis severity and flow conditions on flow structures and particle behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptors combined with ultrasonic particle imaging velocimetry (Echo-PIV).
  • Created patient-specific aortic models from CT images with 0%, 35%, and 50% occlusion.
  • Employed a pulsatile pump to simulate physiological flow conditions with varying Reynolds numbers (1100-2000).

Main Results:

  • Characterized post-stenotic flow, identifying a high-velocity jet and a recirculation region with vortex formation.
  • Vortex propagation velocity increased with Reynolds number (Re).
  • Identified Lagrangian coherent structures that act as material barriers, increasing in size and strength with Re and occlusion degree.

Conclusions:

  • Fluid transport behind stenoses is governed by Lagrangian coherent structures, whose characteristics are modulated by flow rate and stenosis severity.
  • A consistent amount of fluid remains trapped in the stenosis region across different flow conditions, highlighting potential areas for therapeutic intervention.