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    This study introduces a new method for detecting laser diode (LD) fringes in self-mixing interferometry (SMI) signals, even when they are multimodal. The robust fringe detection method achieves high accuracy, improving displacement sensor performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Physics
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Accurate sensing in self-mixing interferometric (SMI) displacement sensors relies on robust detection of interferometric fringes.
    • Laser diode (LD) mode-hopping can lead to multimodal SMI signals, complicating fringe detection due to varying mode strengths and incoherent signal addition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a robust method for detecting multimodal fringes in SMI signals.
    • To ensure the method can also detect traditional mono-modal fringes.
    • To differentiate true fringes from false fringes by analyzing signal peaks.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel peak detection algorithm is employed to identify all potential fringe peaks in SMI signals.
    • The method distinguishes genuine fringe peaks from false ones.
    • Validation was performed using an experimental dataset of 60 SMI signals from two different LDs.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed method achieved a high accuracy of 99.6% in detecting SMI fringes.
    • A low rate of 0.7% false fringes was detected.
    • An undetected true fringe rate of 0.3% was observed.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method offers robust detection of multimodal SMI fringes, enhancing displacement sensing capabilities.
    • The technique is effective for both multimodal and mono-modal fringe detection.
    • The high accuracy demonstrates the method's potential for reliable SMI sensor applications.